Explanation Text

1.       The Purpose

To explain the processes in the formation or workings of natural or siciocultural phenomena

2.       Generic Structure

A.      A general statement to position the reader.

B.      A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs

3.       Lexico Grammatical

A.      Focus of generic, non-human participants.

B.      Use mainly of material an relational processes

C.      Use mainly of temporal and causal circumstances and conjuctions

D.      Some use of passive voice to get theme right

Example :

A flare is defined as a sudden, rapid and intense variation in brightness. A solar flare occurs when magnetic energy, built up in the solar atmosphere is suddenlly released. Radiation is emitted across virtually the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves at the long wavelength end, through optical emission to X-rays and gamma rays at the short wavelength end.

As magnetic energy is being released, particles, including electrons, protons and heavy nuclei, are heated and accelerated in the solar atmosphere. The energy released during a flare is typically on the order of 1027 ergs per second. Large flares can emit up to 1032 ergs of energy. This energy is ten million times greater than the energy realesed from a volcanic explosion. On the other hand, it is less than one-tenth of the total energy emmited by the Sun every second.

There are typically three stages to a solar flare. First is the precursor stage, where the release of magnetic energy is triggered. Soft X-ray emission is detected in this stage. In the second or impulsive stage, protons and electrons are accelerated to energies exceeding 1 MeV. During the impulsive stage, radio waves, hard X-rays and gamma rays are emitted. The gradual build up and decay of soft X-          rays can be detected in the third,  decay stage. The duration of these stages can be as short as few seconds or as long  as an hour.

Exercise

Photosynthesis is a very complex process and for the sake of convenience and ease of understanding, plant biologists divide it into two stages.

In the first stage, i.e. the light-depedent reaction, the chloroplast traps light and converts it into chemical energy contained in nicotinamide adenine dinucleoide phosphare (NADPH) and adenoside triphosphete (ATP), two molecules used in the second stage of photosynthesis.

In the second stage,called the light independent reaction (formerly called the dark reaction), NADPH provides the hydrogen that helps form glucose, and  ATP provides the energy for this and other reactions used to synthesize glucose.

These two stages reflect the literal meaning of the term photosynthesis tobuild with  light energy

1.  Do you know the important party of tree in which the process of photosynthesis occurs?

2.   Have you studied how the photosynthesis works? Explain it as simples as possible.

3. What is the purpose  of the text?

4. Make generic structure of the text!

5. What tense used in the text and give the example

Review Text

The purpose      : To criticize an art work,event for a public  audience.

Such works of art include movies, TV shows, books, plays, operas, recordings, exhibitions, concerts and ballets.

Generic Structure           

·         Orientation : places the work in its general and particular context, often by comparing  it with others of its kind or through analogue with a non-art object or event.

·         Interpretive  Recount: summaries the plot and/or provides an account of how the reviewed rendition of the work came into being, is optional but if present, often recursive.

·          Evaluation:provides an evaluation of the work and/or its performance or production, is usually recursive.

·         Evaluative Summation: provides a kind of punch line which sums up the reviewer’s opinion of the art event as a whole, is optional.

Lexicogrammatical Features

·         Focus on Particular Participant

·         Direct expression of options through use of Attitudinal Epithets in nominal groups, qualitative  Attributes and Affective Mental Processes

·         Use of elaborating and extending clause and group complexes to package the information.

·         Use of metaphoral language

Example

My Super Ex-Girlfriend(Comedy, 96 minutes)

Starring Uma Thurman, Luke Wilson, Anna Faris, Eddie Izzard, Rainn Wilson and  WandaSykes. Directed  by Ivan Reitman.

Superhero Jenny/G.Girl(Uma Thurman) uses her powers to make an ugly pos-break-up word  for her ex-boyfriend, Matt (Luke Wilson). The film exploits  female  irrationally and could well be called ”Why a Woman Shouldn’t Be a Superhero” and deserve a slap in the face for that.

Exercises

Interstellar Movie Review

On the one hand, I was impressed with Cristhoper Noland’s Interstellar . It was an epic  movie with wonderful visuals that attempted to bring  tough  astrophysics to a general audience. It was an opportunity to showcase real interstellar science in the public domain. However, the Dark Knight Rises director’s space adventure  failed to deliver, eventhough I was trying to see past itsscientific shortfalls.

               The story begin  in the future  on a dying  Earth. There’s no time for space exploration, life on earth is all about fighting disease, hunger and cripping climate change. The message  is clear: if we stop exploring, we die. In Interstellar’s future we stopped looking at the stars and we paid the ultimate price.

               Matthew Mc Conaughey’s acting was as to be ecpected; deep, emotional and well executed, as was Anne Hathaway’s character, Amelia Brand.In general, the casting and everyone’s acting was good. It was a movie with all the right elements.

               Interstellar missed the opportunity to display brilliant science fiction and that’s why I’m annoyed. It had potency, but that potential was squandared,unnecessary.

Answer these questions

1.       What is the message of Interstellar movie?

2.       What is the main idea of paragraph 2?

3.       What is the purpose of the text?

4.       According to the reviewer, the movie had  a potency of an excellent science fiction, but it was............

5.       Make generic structure of the text!

       

PROCEDURE TEXT (manual and tip text)

SUMMARY

A manual is a small book that consists of instruction on how to operate, do, or handle something. When we buy electronic devices or a certain medication, we will find a manual in the package. It is important to read the manual before operating or doing  a certain  thing. A manual may consists of operating steps

 A tip is piece of advice on how to do a certain thing. A tip is a key point in being successful in doing the things. A manual and tip are written in the form of a procedure text which functions to tell how to do or make something.

Lexico grammatical of a procedure text:

1.     Using a numbered list of instructions.

2.     Using Imperative sentences

3.     Using adverbs of sequence: first, then, next, after that,once etc.

An example of a procedure text :

How to record your voice on a tape recorded

-              First, you push the POWER button

-              Then, you put a blank cassette into the tape recorder

-              After that, you push the RECORD button and speak in the microphone

-              When you finish recording, you have to push the stop button.

-              If you want to listen to the result of your recording, push the REWIND button

-              Finally, you push the PLAY button and listen to your recording.

Read the text and answer the questions

Fire Precautions If you detect a fire 1.       Sound the fire alarm 2.       For small local outbreaks, and if there is no personal danger, try to put out the fire by using the nearest extinguisher. In the event of fire 1.       Warning bells/sirens will ring continuously 2.       Close all doors and windows  behind you 3.       Leave the building

1.       Where would you likely find the text?

2.       What warning is given?

3.       What is the purpose of the text?

4.       What is the text about?

5.       Make generic structure of the text!

       

TAMBAHAN ILMU
POINT-POINT DALAM STRUKTUR BAHASA INGGRIS (PART 1)

1. Kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris setidaknya
mempunyai main verb
The sound of the machine bothers my concentration
S V

Salah : The prettiest girl in our class with long brown hair
and brown eyes.
Benar : The prettiest girl in our class has long brown hair
and brown eyes

2. Simple Present Tense
Menunjukkan kebiasaan, frekuensi, bisa juga menunjukkan
keadaan sekarang.

Kalimat Aktif:
Pola : S + V 1 (kata kerja bentuk pertama) + ….
I always take my umbrella with me.
The members of our club play tennis once a week.
The earth revolves around the sun.
She seems to be very tired today.

Kalimat Pasif

Pola: S + is, am, are + V3 +…
The party is closed by Police because it’s illegal.
She is loved by everybody.

3. Present Continuous Tense

Menunjukkan keadaan yang sedang berlangsung saat ini.

Kalimat Aktif:

Pola: S + To be/ is, am, are + V ing + .....

The play is beginning. He is writing the book

now.

I’m feeling fine. I’m living in Purbalingga.

Kalimat Pasif:

Pola: S + to be /is, am, are + being + V3 + …

The book is being written by him right now.

I am being investigated at police station.'

Sampai Jumpa Pada Lanjutan Artikel Tambahan Ilmu

Personal Letter

A personal letter is written to a friend, a family member,or relative. It uses personal language that signifies intimacy between the sender and the recipent. However, depending on the relationship between the two people, a personalletter may also sound formal, for example when you are writing to a teacher.

Personal letters are used to maintain relationships between two persons.That’s why someone should  write personal letters with good manner (in good structure and language).

In modern communication,” a personal letter is delivered by electronic mail (email)

The Structure

Personal letters consist of four basic parts: the heading, the opening, the body, and the closing.

·         The Heading includes the date of the letter and the sender’s address

·         The opening of the letter consists of the  salutation and the receipent.

·         The body contains the information to the recipent

·         The closing contains the complimentary closing and the writer’ssignature.

Opening Salutations

There are some ways to give salutations:

-          Dear (commonly used)

-          Good Day or Hi/Hello (neutral and less formal)

The salutations is followed by recipient name (either  last names or full names). You may include someone’s title  Mr, Mrs, Ms, and Dr.

Mr       - For a male

Mrs     - for  a married female

Miss    - for an unmarried female

Ms       - for a female whose status is unknown or would prefer to remain anonymous

Dr        - for a person with the status of a doctor

Complimentary Closing

There are some ways to write complimentary closing :

-          Regards, (neutral – there is no close relation)

-          Sincerely  yours, Cordially (shorten the distante between the sender and the recipient)

-          With Love, (close relation)

E    Example

      Exercises

                                                                                                                                Soraya

                                                                                                                                124 Barker Street

                                                                                                                                Randwick, NSW

                                                                                                                                June 13, 2015

Dear Christine,

I’m in the cutest little cafe in Sydney while writing this letter. I’ve had a great time in this city. Alhtough I’ve only been here for s short time, I’ve heard leraned many things. My mom always reminded me  that I should see the whole city, so I decided to go around the city allday on the weekend. So far,I’ve  seen Taronga Zoo, Harbour Bridge, Central Park, and the OldTown.I’ve been to the opera when I enjoyed a classical music concert.

The streets here are very crowded. I see people wearing beautiful winter coats and hats. It’s very cold here at this time of year; I have to wear  a thick winter coat, hat and gloves. I can’t feel my fingers.I hope you enjoyyour holidays too. Please write to me about your holiday.

I miss you. I’ll see you back in Makasar in the end of this month. Let’s have fun together.

With love,

Soraya

1.       Who wrote the letter?

2.       To whom did she write the letter?

3.       Why did she write the letter?

4.       What is the relationship between the sender and  the recipient?

5.       Make the structure of the text! 

DISCUSSION text

Introduction to Discussion text

1. Social Function

To present (at least) two points of view about an issue.

2. Generic Structure

a. Issue

Contains of statement and preview about some thing.

b. Supporting point

after strating the issue it is necessary to present the argument to support that one point is agreeing

 c. contestive point

 beside the supporting argument discussion text need the argument which disaggre to strated issue.

d. Conclusion or Recommendations

2.  Example

                                                                   Abortion : Pro and Contra

Abortion is an act of terminating a baby in a human pregnancy. Abortion become viral thing among society, some say that abortion is fine but others say it is illegal. In Indonesia, abortion is considered as an evil thing. It is like killing other human and must be punished heavily. However, since number of population increase uncontrollable, some people begin to consider that abortion may be a fine solution to solve population explosion.

Abortion is one method of birth control. Let’s look at the fact about the population problem in a country. When a country faces the problems of population explosion, the government should find methods to solve it. But since no method of contraception is one hundred percent effective and successful, abortion becomes the only way out when prevention fails.

On the other hand, abortion may cause many negative effects for women’s health. Women risk their health and lives in bearing the weight of the operation and its consequences. The most common complications are inflammation, interruption of menstrual patterns, infertility, endometriosis, myoma of the uterus, and many other kinds of ovary illnesses.

So far, abortions have become a dilemma for countries with a large number of citizens. On one hand, it can control the birth rate but on the other hand, it brings terrible consequences, especially for women’s health.